I have personally witnessed about three of four AR-10 pattern rifles which ran flawlessly with a variety of ammo, and a whole bunch that choked, some early and often, some just “eventually.” I don’t mean to beat up on them, that’s just what I have experienced.
That said, if I were going to put another AR-10 style rifle together, there are two guys I’d consider going to to build me one that would be reliable and accurate: George Gardner, and John Noveske (in no particular order). I can honestly say that the 12" 556 SBR upper John built for me is the most reliable AR-15 I have ever ran.
.308 will perform at long range, but in the scheme of things, it’s close to the minimum (in terms of BC and MV) you can use and still hope for 1000-yard performance. Friends of mine who have carried sniper rifles into harm’s way have characterized 308 as an “800-yard” cartridge.
I shoot my AR-15’s from 0 to 425 yards regularly at small practical targets (at the Pueblo Rifle Match, Camp Guernsey MG, etc). I am familiar with how to use my sighting systems and ammo’s trajectory to make hits at those distances, and what kind of hit probability I can deliver from different improvised positions. If I need more terminal oomph than 556 can provide, I can swap uppers to a better caliber (my 18" 6.8 SPC upper uses the same holds in the ACOG as my 17" 556). Realistically, no normal cartridge that fits in an action 2.8" long is going to deliver decisive terminal effects at 500+ yards.
To make a quantum leap up in ability from what can be achieved with a light and “handy” carbine with low-power magnified optics, you need to upgrade both optics and ballistics. This basically nullifies “light and handy” and now you’re talking about a real rifle. And at this point, I would rather have a rifle system that can deliver fantastic long-range performance.
Decent LR cartridges start with a BC of 0.50 and a MV of 2700 (ie, 175SMK@2700fps), to draw an arbitrary line in the sand. “Good” LR cartridges have a BC of 0.60 and a MV of 2800fps (ie, right at 260REM). “Great” LR cartridges usually have a BC of 0.6 and a MV of 2900+fps, or 0.70+ BC and 2700+ MV.
That’s sort of rambling, but I wanted it to fit in with this thread… 