I’ll post my $0.02 since I just went through this process myself:
Noveske 10.5 CQB barrel - The stainless is good, but the 10.5" Light barrel is better for this application. Hammer forged, chrome lined, significantly lighter, more durable, and will still shoot better than you need for a gun like this. Oh, and it’s cheaper. You can guess which barrel is on my shorty…
Noveske KX3 Flash Suppressor - Not necessary for me personally. A 10.5" is going to be obnoxiously loud no matter how you cut it, so if you’re going to add length to the weapon, you might as well do it with barrel - at least then you’ll get better ballistics. I am personally counting the minutes until Noveske releases a 12.5" Light barrel. Plus, the flash suppression is very mediocre with the KX3 - my preference is the AAC Blackout, but the BE Meyers/Surefire is a close second.
Vltor/Noveske VIS with 10" rail - The VIS is probably the best looking upper on the market, but I don’t see much benefit beyond that in a 10.5" gun. I personally used a standard forged upper with a Daniel Defense Mk18 rail. The Mk18 is approximately 9.5", which leaves just enough barrel sticking out to mount my AAC M4-2000 suppressor. You could save a few ounces and some cash by going with the 9.0 Lite Rail, 9.0 Omega Rail, or LaRue rail, but I wanted the Mk18 for cool factor…sue me.
Lowers???Noveske??? - Noveske has the coolest logo of any lower manufacturer, is reasonably priced, and John is a stickler for quality like no one I’ve ever met. Even if you have to pay a slight premium, I’d do it - $20-$50 is money well spent on an NFA item simply to NOT have a deer head, snake, or gaudy text graphic on the side of my weapon.
Magpul CTR Carbine Stock - That was my choice, but I think a Magpul MOE or LMT SOPMOD would also be decent choices.
Rail Covers??? (tango down or magpul) Fit issues??? - My preference is Magpul XTM followed by KAC, but it’s up to you.
Grip??? I have smaller hands so I’m not sure here??? - Small hands means Magpul MIAD or Tango Down Battlegrip. The Magpul MOE may work, but it’s specifically designed for average hands, not small.
MS2 mulit mission Sling & ASAP attachment point or tactical link single point??? - Never used the Tactical Link sling so I can’t comment.
Magpul enhanced trigger guard - get the MOE Trigger Guard…much cheaper without losing any functionality.
Surefire M900A vertical foregrip - if I could change one thing about your build it would be this. The M900A is heavy, expensive, heavy, big, heavy, and relatively dim for its size. Did I mention that it’s obnoxiously big and heavy? Buy a LaRue FUG and Surefire X300 or Scout Light and be done with it.
Folding back up sights??? either troy flips or wait on the magpul polymer buis??? - All preference. I would also consider the Daniel Defense fixed front and rear, or the KAC flip up 600m rear.
Trigger? - If you don’t want a single stage milspec (Colt), buy a Geissele and don’t look back.
Mounts? - LaRue.
Internal Work/Parts??? - Colt if you can find them, otherwise talk to one of the reputable forum sponsors like Grant @ G&R Tactical, Paul @ Bravo Company, etc. and ask what they suggest.
Optic - Aimpoint Micro in a LaRue mount. I wouldn’t personally even consider another optic, even if it cost twice as much as it does. IMO, this is the easiest equipment decision of your entire build. It’s a no brainer.
The last thing I’ll add about my personal upper is the Noveske Switchblock. I had a custom cut-out made in the rail to allow access to the Switchblock, but still mount a front sight ahead of it. It’s amazing and would recommend it to anyone building a rifle with a carbine gas system to be used with a suppressor. I can’t stand short (carbine) rails, and this is the only way I could have the best of both worlds - worth every penny!
Just my $0.02. Take it with a grain of salt. If I didn’t have this exact upper built I would have gone with an off the shelf Colt or LMT.